ᐅᕙᓃᑦᑐᑎᑦ : ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖅ » ᑖᓂᐅᓪ ᕗᐊᑉᓯᑐ
ᑖᓂᐅᓪ ᕗᐊᑉᓯᑐ
ᑖᓂᐅ ᕗᐊᑉᓯᑐ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕆᔭᒥᓂᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᒫᓴᓲᓴᑦᒥ (Massachusetts) ᓯᑕᒪᐃᕋᖅᓱᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒨᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ. ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓂᖅᐹᒥᓂᖅ – 1860–ᒥ 1863–ᒧ – ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᓃᑦᓱᓂ ᒪᕐᕈᐊᑎᖅᓱᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᖁᔨᐊᖃᕐᓂᖅᓱᓂ ᓯᑕᒪᓂᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖁᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᐃᒃᑭᓗᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᑕᒫᓂᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ, ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖁᑎᖏᒃ ᑭᒪᑦᓯᔪᒥᓃᒃ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑎᒍᑦ, ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᕿᒪᑦᓯᔪᒥᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᔮᓐ ᓵᓕᕙᓐᒧᑦ, ᖁᕕᐊᓇᙱᓂᖅᐸᐅᖃᓯᐅᑎᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑕᐸᐃᕐᓇᖅᓱᓂᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᑕ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᕐᕕᖓᓂ.
ᐅᓐᓄᐊᖓᓂ ᐊᐅᒡᒍᓯ 4 1860–ᒥ, ᖁᓕᐅᖏᒐᖅᑐᑦ ᒥᐊᓕᒐᒥᐅᑦ ᑎᖏᕐᕋᐅᑕᓕᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᖅᑏᑦ ᕿᒪᐃᓐᓇᐃᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᓂ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᖑᑏᑦ – ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᑕᐃᓂᐅᓪ ᕗᐊᑉᓯᑐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒦᙶᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᑕᒪᐅᔪᙱᒐᖅᑐᑦ ᐋᓐᓯᐅᓪ ᒋᐱᔅᒥᒃ – ᐃᐳᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᓂᒃ ᓯᑕᒪᐅᔪᙱᒐᖅᑐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᑎᒐᓂᒃ ᑕᑭᓂᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᒥ ᑎᖏᕐᕋᐅᑕᖃᙱᑦᑐᒧᑦ ᑕᕐᕆᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐅᓐᓄᐊᒥ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑭᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᓂᒋᖅᐸᓯᐊᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᕿᑎᐊᑕ ᐊᐅᒡᒍᓯᕈᕋᑖᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍᑐ, ᑕᑦᓯᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᐅᓐᓄᖓᓂ, ᐅᒥᐊᕐᓗ ᑕᕐᕆᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᔭᕋᓪᓛᔪᒥ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓪᓚᑐᓂ ᐹᖓᓂ ᑭᙵᐃᑦ ᖃᖏᖅᓱᖓᑕ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒥᓂᖅ ᓱᓕᒋᐊᖓ ᑐᑭᓯᓇᖅᓯᔪᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ – ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᖑᑏᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓄᑦ ᐅᑎᕋᓱᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒐᓗᐊᑦ.
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐹᒥ ᐅᓐᓄᐊᖓᓂ, ᑐᐊᕕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ 50–ᒪᐃᓕ ᓱᑲᓐᓂᓕᒻᒥᒃ ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᓱᑲᓐᓂᖃᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᐃᑳᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᖃᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᓂᒃ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᕿᒻᒥᖅᓲᒧᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᒋᔭᖓᓐᓃᒐᓱᐊᖏᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓪᓗ ᐅᖓᓯᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᖄᖏᖅᐸᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᔭᒃᓴᐅᒐᑎᒃ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᓚᖓᑦ ᕼᐋᓐᓇᓚᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᓂ ᐊᕐᕕᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᓂ ᑕᐃᒃᓱᒨᓇ. ᐊᓂᒎᑎᓵᕋᓱᐊᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᖃᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᓂᒃ, ᐃᒻᒪᖄ ᓯᕘᕋᓐᓂᕋᒥᒃ ᑎᒍᔭᐅᒐᔭᕆᐊᖅ ᐅᑎᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᓐᓄᑦ. ᕿᒪᐃᓐᓇᐃᓂᖅ ᐱᓂᕐᓗᓂᐅᓐᓂᕐᒪᑦ ᐱᕋᔭᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᒥ.
ᐊᖑᑏᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕋᔭᕐᓂᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕈᓐᓇᓂᕐᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᒍᑎᒋᒍᓐᓇᕋᔭᖅᑕᒥᓐᓂᒃ. ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓐᓈᒃ ᕿᒪᑦᓯᔪᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᖏᓯᐊᖅᑐᒥᓃᒃ ᑕᕆᐅᒃᑯᑦ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒨᖅᑐᖃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓐᓂᕋᓂᓗ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓇᓪᓕᐊᓐᓂᒃ. ᐊᒥᓲᓗᐊᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᖁᑎᖃᐅᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐱᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᑎᓪᓕᒐᑦᓴᐃᕈᑎᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ. ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᑦ ᐱᒐᓚᐅᖃᐅᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᒥᑭᔪᓂᒃ ᑎᖏᕐᕋᐅᑕᓂᒃ, ᐅᓕᒪᐅᒻᒥᒃ, ᐊᓕᒍᖃᖅᓱᓂ ᖁᓪᓕᖅ, ᐊᒻᒫᖅ, ᐸᑎᐅᔭᐃᑦ, ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑏᑦ, ᐃᒻᒪᖄᓗ ᓂᐊᖂᔭᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒥᖅ ᐅᓪᓗᒐᓚᓐᓄᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᒐᓱᐊᖅᑐᑦ. ᐊᓐᓄᕋᖏᑕᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑎᒍᓯᓐᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂᒃ ᖁᑭᐅᑏᓐᓂᒃ, ᓴᒃᑯᓂᒃ, ᑕᓪᓕᒪᓂᒃ ᕿᐱᓐᓂᒃ, 20–ᐸᐅᓐᒥᒃ ᐅᖁᒪᐃᓐᓂᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᓂᐊᖂᔭᓂᒃ, ᐆᓯᒪᕙᒌᖅᑐᓕᒫᓂᓪᓗ ᓇᓂᔭᒥᓐᓂᒃ. ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖃᕋᑎᒃ, ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ, ᓇᐅᒃᑰᕋᔭᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᐊᑐᕋᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᐊᑕ ᐊᕐᕙᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᒦᑦᑑᑉ ᑕᒻᒪᕇᒃᑯᑎᐅᑉ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᖅᑕᖃᕋᔭᕐᓂᖏᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᓪᓕᐊᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓇᐅᒃᑰᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥᒃ ᓱᓇᑯᑖᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖅ ᐊᓯᐊᓂᒃ. ᐊᐱᕆᔭᐅᒐᒥᒃ ᓇᐅᒃᑰᕈᒫᕐᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ, ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎᑐᐊᒥᓂᖓᑦ "ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ"
//// : ᓵᕈᔅ ᕗᕌᓐᓯᔅ ᕼᐋᓪ, ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᐸᑦᑕᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂ, ᔪᓚᐃᒥᓂᒃ 1860 ᓅᕙᐃᒻᕙᒧᑦ 1860. ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᐅᕙᓂ, Smithsonian National Museum of American History Archives.
ᕿᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᑕᖅᑭᖅ ᓈᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᖄᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓘᑉ ᑯᐸᐃᓪᓗ ᑕᕐᕋᖓᑕ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᓂᒃ ᓯᔾᔭᖓᒎᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᓱᑎᓪᓗ ᓛᐸᑐᐊᑉ, ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒥᓂᕆᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᓕᒃ 3–ᕼᐋᓐᓇᓚ ᒪᐃᓕᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓂᒃ. ᓱᓇᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓐᓂᖏᑦᓯᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓚᐅᖅᓱᑎᒃ ᓴᓂᐊᓐᓂᒃ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊᑕ, ᐃᓄᑦᓯᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓐᓂᕋᑎᓪᓗ. ᐃᓱᒫᓗᑦᓱᑎᓪᓗ ᑳᓐᓂᑯᒧᑦ.
ᓯᑦᑕᕝᕙ 3–ᒥ, ᕗᐊᕋᓐ ᑕᑦᑕᓐ (Warren Dutton) ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᐅᖃᑎᒥᓂᖅ ᑖᓂᐅᓪ ᕗᐊᑦᓯᑐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᑐᖁᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᑕᖃᓂᑯᒧᑦ ᓂᕆᕙᒍᓐᓃᒧᓪᓗ. ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᖑᑏᑦ ᓂᕆᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᓂᕆᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᑦᑕᓐ ᑎᒥᖓᓂᒃ, ᐊᓪᓛᑦ ᓴᐅᓂᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᑳᑎᕆᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᖁᓕᑦᓯᐊᕆᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐅᓗᐃᑦ ᑭᖑᓂᖏᑦᑎᒍᑦ, ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᖑᑏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᐊᖅᑕᐅᒐᓱᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᔮᓐ ᓵᓕᕙᓐ, ᑎᕐᓕᐊᖅᓱᒍ ᐅᖓᑖᓂᒃ ᐊᓇᐅᔭᒥᓂᕆᓪᓗᒍ ᓂᐊᖁᖓᒍᑦ. ᓂᙵᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᓵᓕᕙᓐ ᑲᐱᓯᔪᒥᓂᖅ ᓱᑕᐃᖅᓯᑦᓱᓂ ᐊᐃᑉᐸᖓᓂᒃ ᐃᒡᒋᐊᖓᒍᑦ. ᐅᓪᓗᓕᒫᖅ ᑐᖅᑯᑦᓴᔪᒥᓂᖅ, ᓂᕆᔭᐅᓕᕐᓂᖅᓱᓂᓗ ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᐃᓚᒥᓂᕐᒥᓄᑦ.
ᑭᖑᓂᕆᓕᖅᑕᖓᒍᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᖑᑏᑦ ᓄᑮᕈᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᒋᒃᑲᓂᖅᑕᖓᓄᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᒐᓱᐊᕆᐊᖅ. ᐃᑲᖅᑎᒐᔭᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐱᖁᑏᑦ ᓂᕆᔭᐃᓐᓇᒥᓂᖏᑦ, ᓂᕆᖃᓯᐅᑎᑦᓱᒋᑦ ᑲᒥᖏᑦ ᕿᓗᐊᖏᓪᓗ. ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᑐᖅᓯᐅᖅᓱᑎᒃ, ᓯᓂᑦᑕᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓯᓈᓂ, ᐸᕐᓇᓯᒪᑦᓱᑎᒃ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᔮᓐ ᓵᓕᕙᐅᑉ, "ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᖓᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑕ...ᑐᖁᙱᓂᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᓵᖅᑕᐅᖏᓐᓂᑎᓐᓂ."
ᑕᑯᒍᒃ : ᓴᓕᕙᓐ ᕌᔅᒦᑦᑐᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᕙᓂ, ed., Arctic Whalers, Icy Seas, 180
ᐅᒥᐊᒦᑦᑐᕋᓴᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᒥᓃᑦ ᐆᒪᓂᖏᑦ, ᐱᐅᓕᓪᓗᓂᒋᑦ, ᐸᐃᕆᔭᒥᓂᕆᓪᓗᓂᒋᓪᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒫᖅ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᕿᒪᑦᓯᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓅᕐᓂᒥᓂᖓᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓇᖅᓯᒍᑎᒋᒻᒪᐅᒃ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᐊ ᐊᒥᒐᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓱᓇᖃᐅᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒦᑦᑐᖅ. ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᖃᓯᐅᑎᒻᒥᔪᖅᑕᐅᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᑕᑎᖃᖅᐸᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥ ᐅᒥᐊᒥᓃᙱᑉᐸᑕ ᓱᓇᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᐸᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖓᑦ.