ᐅᕙᓃᑦᑐᑎᑦ : ᐊᖏᕐᕋᖅ » ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᑏᑦ: ᑎᑭᓐᓂᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᒥᓂᖏᑕ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᓄᑦ
ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓕ ᐱᐅᒋᔮᓗᒋᔭᕋ, ᐱᐅᔪᐊᓗᒃ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᐊᕈ ᑕᐃᒪᖓᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑎᑕᐅᒐᑦᑕ ᐅᕙᖓᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑎᑕᐅᒐᒪ ᐊᓈᓇᓐᓄᓪᓗ . ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᐅᒋᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᑕᐃᑦᓱᒪᓂ ᐱᐅᔫᓐᓂᕋᓚᐅᕐᖓᑕᓕ ᒫᓐᓇᒧᑦ. ᒫᓐᓇᓕ ᐅᕙᖓᓕ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓕᕋᒃᑭᑦ ᓂᒍᕕᖓᓯᒪᔪᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᐃᒻᒪᒃᑐᑎᑐᑦ. ᐅᕙᑦᑎᐊᕈᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᖑᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐆᓴᔪᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᕿᓄᐃᓵᕈᑕᐅᕙᖕᓂᕐᖓᑕ. ᐅᐱᓐᓇᕋᓂ ᓂᕿᒃᓴᑐᐊᕆᒐᒥᒃᑯᒃ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᐃᒪᖓᑦ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔨᕐᔪᐊᕌᓘᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᓪᓛᑦ ᒎᑎᒥᒃ ᑐᓴᓚᐅᙱᓯᒪᒐᓗᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕙᒃᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᑕᐃᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔪᓐᓇᖅᑕᕋ. ᐅᖃᒃᑲᓐᓂᐊᕐᔪᒡᓗᖓ ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑎᒋᙱᑦᑕᕋᓗᐊᖓ. ᑕᐃᒪ ᐅᖃᖅᑲᐅᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᖑᒃᑯᓂᒃ, ᑐᓴᐅᒪᓪᓚᕆᒃᑕᕋ ᑖᓐᓇ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᙱᓐᓂᕋᖅᑲᐅᔭᕋᓗᐊᕋ. ᐊᖓᒃᑯᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐃᓅᑎᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᒥᒃ, ᐅᕙᑦᑎᐊᕈ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᐃᓄᒃ ᐋᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᕙᒃᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓘᑦᑖᖃᙱᒃᑲᓗᐊᕋᒥ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐃᓕᓰᖅᓯᕙᒃᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᑐᖁᑎᑦᑎᕙᒃᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐱᐅᔪᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐱᐅᙱᑦᑐᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᑦᑎᑦᑎᐅᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖅᑎᑦᑎᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᐃᕕᖁᑎᑖᖅᐸᒃᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ.
ᑕᒃᑐ. ᑕᒡ ᓯᑎᐊᓐᑕ
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᑕᐃᒍᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᑑᓖᑦ. ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒐᓛᓗᓐᓂ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓕ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᓕᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᐅᑉ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᑲᓪᓚᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᑲᓐᓇᒧᓐ ᑲᓇᑕᒧᓐ ᐅᑯᑭᑦᑐᐃᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᖓᓄᑦ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔾᔮᓲᖅ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᒥᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ 1000 ᐊᓂᒍᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒋᐊᖏᑕ 1200 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᖅᑎᓐᓂ, ᑲᓇᒻᓇᒧᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕆᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓃᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑕᐅᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑖᔅᓱᒥᖓᑐᐊᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᐸᓚᐃᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᑦ. ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓄᕈᓘᔭᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᓄᑖᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓗᐊᓕᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᓯᕈᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕆᐊᖃᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᑦ.
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓖᑦ, ᐃᓚᔮᕆᒥᓂᐅᔪᔅᓴᐅᔪᑦ, ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᒧᓐ ᕿᓚᒻᒥᐸᓗᕈᓗᒃ, ᐊᒥᓲᒐᓗᐊᓂᓛᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᑦ ᓈᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᓄᓇᑖᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᕗᖑᓕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓᓂ ᐊᓪᓛᓪᓗ ᑕᐅᓄᖓ ᓂᒋᕐᒧᓐ ᓛᐸᑐᐊᒧᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑯᐸᐃᒻᒧᓐ. ᑕᑯᕙᑦᑐᒍᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐱᖁᑎᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᕙᑦᑕᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓖᑦ ᑎᒥᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᒥᓂᓪᓚᕆᐅᒻᒪᑕ. ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᐸᒻᒥᔪᒍᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈ ᓇᑭᓐᖔᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂ, ᑕᒫᓐᖓᓐ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑦᑐᒐᓛᔅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᓇᓐᖑᐊᒐᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᕐᓂᓴᐃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᒌᒻᒥᔪᑦ.
ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᔫᑎᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᕕᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓚᕆᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᑑᓖᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᒻᒪᕆᒃ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃᖃᐃ ᖃᑦᑏᓐᓇᐃᑦ 100 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅᐹᓗᐃᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ; ᐊᖅᕕᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒍᕕᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᔪᐊᕌᓘᒻᒪᑕ ᑕᑯᓯᒪᒍᔅᓯ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓄᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᔭᔅᓴᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᑕ, ᐸᓐᓇᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖃᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔪᓐᓇᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ.
ᑕᐃᒪ ᓇᑭᙶᕐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᓇᒥ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐅᖃᕈᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖓ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑕᕝᕙᓂᑦᑕᐃᓐᓇᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᒥ ᐃᓅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᖃᑕᒃᑯᑎᒃᑲᓗ. ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᐊᑉᐸᔪᒐᑦᑕ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᓯᐊᓄᐊᖃᑦᑕᓕᕆᕗᒍᑦ. ᐅᒥᐊᖃᙱᓪᓗᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᐱᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᑯᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᒥᐊᖃᙱᑦᑐᐃᑦ.
`ᑕᒃᑐ ᑕᒐᓚᔅ ᓯᑎᐊᓐᑕᓐ, ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᓂᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᕐᓂᓴᒻᒪᕆᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᒫᓂ, ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᒥᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᑕᐃᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᑑᓕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ. ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐃᓅᒃ ᐃᓐᓇᒻᒪᕇᒃ, ᐋᑲᑳ ᓴᑖ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓅᓯ ᓇᓴᓕᒃ, ᐅᖃᐅᓖᒃ ᐃᓄᑦᑎᑐᓪᓚᕆᒃ ᐃᓅᓂᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᒥᒃ.
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᑕᐃᒍᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᑑᓖᑦ. ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒐᓛᓗᓐᓂ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓕ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᓕᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᐅᑉ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᑲᓪᓚᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᑲᓐᓇᒧᓐ ᑲᓇᑕᒧᓐ ᐅᑯᑭᑦᑐᐃᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᖓᓄᑦ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔾᔮᓲᖅ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᒥᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ 1000 ᐊᓂᒍᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒋᐊᖏᑕ 1200 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᖅᑎᓐᓂ, ᑲᓇᒻᓇᒧᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕆᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓃᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑕᐅᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑖᔅᓱᒥᖓᑐᐊᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᐸᓚᐃᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᑦ. ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓄᕈᓘᔭᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᓄᑖᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓗᐊᓕᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᓯᕈᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕆᐊᖃᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᑦ.
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓖᑦ, ᐃᓚᔮᕆᒥᓂᐅᔪᔅᓴᐅᔪᑦ, ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᒧᓐ ᕿᓚᒻᒥᐸᓗᕈᓗᒃ, ᐊᒥᓲᒐᓗᐊᓂᓛᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᑦ ᓈᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᓄᓇᑖᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᕗᖑᓕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓᓂ ᐊᓪᓛᓪᓗ ᑕᐅᓄᖓ ᓂᒋᕐᒧᓐ ᓛᐸᑐᐊᒧᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑯᐸᐃᒻᒧᓐ. ᑕᑯᕙᑦᑐᒍᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐱᖁᑎᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᕙᑦᑕᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓖᑦ ᑎᒥᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᒥᓂᓪᓚᕆᐅᒻᒪᑕ. ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᐸᒻᒥᔪᒍᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈ ᓇᑭᓐᖔᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂ, ᑕᒫᓐᖓᓐ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑦᑐᒐᓛᔅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᓇᓐᖑᐊᒐᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᕐᓂᓴᐃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᒌᒻᒥᔪᑦ.
ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᔫᑎᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᕕᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓚᕆᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᑑᓖᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᒻᒪᕆᒃ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃᖃᐃ ᖃᑦᑏᓐᓇᐃᑦ 100 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅᐹᓗᐃᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ; ᐊᖅᕕᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒍᕕᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᔪᐊᕌᓘᒻᒪᑕ ᑕᑯᓯᒪᒍᔅᓯ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓄᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᔭᔅᓴᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᑕ, ᐸᓐᓇᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖃᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔪᓐᓇᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ.
ᑖᒃᑐ ᑕᒐᓚᔅ ᓯᑎᐊᓐᑕᓐ, ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᓂᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕆᔭᐅᓲᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑑᓕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᕚᖏᑦ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᓕᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᒥᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᕕᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕋᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᐊᕋᒥᓪᓗ ᐊᖅᕕᒻᒥᒃ.
ᑕᒃᑐ. ᑕᒡ ᓯᑎᐊᓐᑕᓐ
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ 1800 ᐊᑐᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᒪᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᑎᑭᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᒥᓲᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑲᑎᓯᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᓐᖏᑎᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑭᓱᓕᒫᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔪᓐᓇᑕᓐᓂᒃ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓇᓗᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᓱᓕ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᑎᒋᕙᓐᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᑑᓖᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᕋᑖᒥᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒧᓐ. ᐅᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖓ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᒍᓐᓃᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐱᒐᓱᐊᖅᑕᐅᓲᖑᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ. ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᓐᓂᖅᓴᒥᓂᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊᖏᒫᒃ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓄᖔᖅ ᓄᓇᒧᓐ ᐅᐸᒍᑎᖃᑦᑕᓕᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᓚᖓ ᐊᓯᕈᕐᖓᓐ ᓯᑯᖃᕐᓂᖅᓴᒥᓂᐅᓕᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᓂ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᖔᖅ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᓵᓐᖓᓂᖅᓴᐅᔮᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓂᕆᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᓕᖅᑐᑎᓪᓗ: ᓇᑦᑏᑦ, ᑐᑦᑐᐃᑦ, ᐊᐃᕖᑦ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐳᐃᔩᑦ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᓱᖅᑲᓖᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᔪᔅᓴᐅᔫᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᖔᖅ ᓵᓐᖓᓂᖅᓴᐅᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ.
ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᓄᑦ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓇᓐᖓᑦ ᑕᐃᕕᑦ ᑐᒫᔅ ᐊᓯᖏᑕᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ 1800ᖏᓐᓂᑦ, ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᕐᒪᓐ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᕌᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᕕᒐᕐᒥᐅᑕᓂᒃ ᓯᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᒥᐅᑕᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒫᐸᓗᒃ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ, ᒪᐅᓕᕆᐊᖃᑦᑕᐸᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᓪᓗᓄᑦ. ᓴᓖᓛᒃ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐋᖅᑭᑎᐊᖅᓯᒪᓗᓂ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑐᕋᔅᓴᖅ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑕᑯᔪᒍᑦ ᕿᒪᐃᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᔾᔪᒐᔭᒥ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᔭᒥᓪᓗ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᖓᖔᖅ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑑᑕᐅᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᑉᐸᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᓇᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓖᑦ, ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐃᓄᑦᑎᑐᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᓂᕐᔪᑏᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓲᖑᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂ ᐱᔭᔅᓴᐅᒻᖔᑕ ᓇᒦᓲᖑᒻᒪᖔᑕᓗ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓯᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᓕᓴᐅᓂᖅᓴᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑐᕚᖃᕐᓂᖅᓴᒥᓃᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᓂᖓ ᑐᑦᑐᐃᑦ ᐱᓱᓕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ. ᓇᑦᑎᕋᓱᐊᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᐊᐃᕕᕋᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᕿᓚᓗᒐᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᖅᕕᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔪᖃᕋᐃᒻᒪᓐ.
ᐊᖏᔪᐊᓗᒻᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᕋᔅᓴᖅᑕᓖᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓗᒋᑦ, ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐊᓕᐊᓇᐃᒍᑎᖓ. ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᓱᓕᕆᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒍᓐᓇᐸᒻᒥᔪᒍᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᖃᓗᕋᖅᑐᑕ. ᓇᓂᓯᓲᖑᔪᒍᑦ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕋᔅᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᖑᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓴᓇᔾᔪᑕᐅᕙᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ; ᐆᑦᑑᑎᔾᔮᖑᕗᖅ, ᐅᓗ, ᐊᕐᓇᓗᑲᐅᑉ ᐱᓚᑦᑑᑎᖓ. ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒍᓐᓇᐸᒻᒥᔪᒍᑦ ᓱᓕᕆᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒥᓂᖏᑕᓗ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᓂᕿᓕᕆᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂ, ᓂᕿᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑐᖅᑯᐃᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ. ᐅᕙᖓᓕ ᐊᑐᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒦᓛᒃ ᑑᓕᓄᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒥᓂᕐᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᓯᒪᒐᒪ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓃᑦ ᑭᓱᕈᓘᔮᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᐸᔪᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᒥᑭᔫᑎᑯᓘᓐᕕᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᐊᕈᑏ ᓴᓇᑦᑎᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᑕᒫᓐᖓᑦ ᐊᒻᒨᒪᔪᖅᑕᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ ᐊᑦᑐᓈᓄᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᓕᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᒻᒥᐊᕐᓂᐊᕈᑎᒥᓂᕐᓄᑦ, ᓇᐅᓚᐃᑦ ᓇᐅᒃᑯᑎᒥᓃᓪᓗ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᐊᕈᑏᑦ; ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓖᑦ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᓂᑦ ᐱᒐᓱᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᔪᖅᑕᖃᕋᑎᒃ.
ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᕿᒪᐃᓕᕐᓂᒃ ᑑᓖᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᓄᓪᓚᕆᐅᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᒐᓱᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᒡᒐᓇᖅᐳᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑑᓖᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᕈᑦᑎᒍ, ᑕᑯᔪᒍᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᒃᑳᓘᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ. ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᒪᓕᑲᖅᑕᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᒃᑲᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᓲᖑᒻᒪᑕ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓲᖑᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᑉᐸᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ. ᑑᓖᑦ ᐱᖃᕐᓂᖅᐳᓐ ᑲᔭᖅ, ᐅᒥᐊᖅ, ᖃᒧᑏᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᒧᔅᓰᓐ; ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᑦᑎᐊᕈᑎᔅᓴᓂᒃ. ᖃᖓᑐᐃᓐᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐅᐸᒍᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑕᒥᓄᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᒍᓐᓇᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐴᓛᕆᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᐊᕆᐊᖅᑐᑎᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᒥᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᐊᒥᓲᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᔾᔪᑎᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᑯᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᒍᒪᒍᑎᒃ. ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓕ ᐊᓯᕈᕐᓂᖓ ᐱᔾᔪᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓯᕈᐃᔪᒥᓂᐅᔮᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᑦᑎᒡᒍᑕᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᒍᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ. ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓚᕆᖃᑦᑕᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᔪᐊᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᒻᒥᒃ ᓂᕿᑖᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐊᖅᕕᒃ ᑕᐅᓴᒐᓚᒻᒪᕆᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᖁᒪᐃᓐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓂᕿᑖᖅᕕᐅᕙᓐᓂᕐᖓᓐ, ᐅᖅᓱᑖᖅᕕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᓴᐅᓂᖅᑖᖅᕕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓕᒫᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᑎᑦᑎᒍᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᔮᕇᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒫᖅ, ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᕐᕋᔭᒐᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᒍᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒍᒪᒐᐃᒍᑎᒃ. ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᓪᓕ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᑰᒻᒨᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ ᒪᔪᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ, ᒪᓐᓂᓕᐊᖅᐸᑦᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᒥᑏᑦ ᓂᕐᓖᓪᓗ ᒪᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᓲᖑᓗᑎᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᑎᒻᒥᐊᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᓲᖑᒻᒪᑕ ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓗ ᐅᐸᓲᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᐸᒍᑎᒋᐊᖃᖃᑦᑕᓂᕐᖓᑕ.
ᑕᒫᓂ ᐊᓯᕈᕐᓂᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᓐᓂ, ᑕᑯᖃᑦᑕᖅᕋᑦᑕ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᒥᓂᑐᖃᕐᓂᓗ ᕿᒪᐃᓕᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᑑᓖᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᕙᑦᑕᒥᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᒥᓂᓪᓗ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᒋᐊᓐᖓᖅᑐᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓖᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᓐᖏᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᐸᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᓐᓂᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ. ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐱᔭᐅᕙᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒡᒍᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᓂᐅᒥᐅᑕᕐᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᑦᑕᖃᐅᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ, ᐊᐅᓛᖃᑦᑕᓲᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᑲᑎᒻᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᑏᑦ ᓄᖑᔾᔫᒥᒐᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᓕᒫᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓄ ᓯᑯᒧᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᑕᑯᔪᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᑕ ᐊᓯᕈᖅᓯᒪᓂᓪᓚᕆᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᒐᓱᐊᕈᓯᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᑦᑎᒡᒍᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓐ ᑑᓖᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕆᐊᓐᖓᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᓐ 100ᒐᓚᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᓈᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔾᔮᓲᖅ ᑑᓖᑦ ᑎᑭᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐅᖅᑰᓯᕚᓪᓕᖅᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐊᓛᔅᑲᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᐊ ᓯᑯᖃᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᓕᕐᓂᕐᖓᓐ, ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᖅᓴᒧᓐ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᕈᓐᓇᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᓄᕐᓗ ᐱᒐᓱᑦᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᓯᕈᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒥ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᐸᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐋᔪᕋᒃᑰᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓯᓈᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒫᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᐃᒪᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥ ᐱᒐᓱᐊᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᑲᑦᑏᓐᓇᕈᓗᐃᑦ 100 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᓂᓪᓚᑲᓐᓂᖅᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᑯᖃᕐᓂᓴᐅᓕᕐᓂᕐᖓᓐ, ᐃᓚᖓᓂᓗ ᐃᔾᔪᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᓯᑯᖃᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᔪᔅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᖃᑦᑏᓐᓇᕈᖅᐹᓪᓕᑎᑦᑎᒐᔭᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔭᔅᓴᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᒃ ᑐᕚᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᒃ, ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓕ ᑕᑯᕗᒍᑦ ᓴᖑᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑐᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐳᐃᔨᕈᓘᔭᕐᓄᓪᓗ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓇᑦᑎᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᓂᕿᓪᓚᕆᒋᔭᐅᓐᓂᖅᑯᑦ ᓇᒥᓕᒫᐸᓗᒃ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒡᒍᑕᒥᓂᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᑦ. ᓈᒻᒪᒋᐊᖃᖅᐸᓚᐃᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᓪᓗᓂᒃ ᓈᓯᓯᒪᖃᑦᑕᕋᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓂᑉᐸᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓕ 6 ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ 7 ᐃᓚᔮᕇᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑉᐸᑕ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᓂᑉᐸᖅᑎᖃᖅᑲᑕ ᐱᓂᐅᓴᓂᖅᓴᐅᒐᔭᕐᖓᑕ. ᑕᑯᔪᒥᓇᕋᔭᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᖑᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓕᓐᓂᒃ 30ᓂᒃ 35ᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᕕᒐᕐᒥᐅᑕᓂᒃ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᑲᖅᑕᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᖏᔪᐊᓗᒻᓂ ᓂᕿᑖᖅᐸᑦᑐᑎᒃ, 40ᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᖃᕈᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᔪᖅᓴᕋᑎᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ, ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᒋᐊᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓵᓗᓐᓄ ᓂᕿᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᒐᓱᒋᐊᖃᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᑕᒃᑯᐊ ᓴᓂᓕᕇᑦᑎᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑲᒪᓇᖅᑐᖅ.
ᑖᒃᑐ ᑕᒐᓚᔅ ᓯᑎᐊᓐᑕᓐ, ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᓂᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᕆᔭᐅᔪᖅ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᓕᒃ ᓴᓇᒋᐊᑐᔪᒻᒪᕆᒥᓂᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᑭᓱᓕᕆᔾᔪᑎᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᑑᓕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᓱᓕᕆᓂᕈᓘᔭᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᓐᓂᕐᒧᓐ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᕐᒥᔪᖅᑕᐅᖅ ᒪᑭᒪᓇᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᓯᕈᕐᓂᒥᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᓱᐊᖃᑦᑕᕈᓐᓃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᒥᑭᔫᑕᐅᓂᖅᓴᖔᓂᒃ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᒐᓱᐊᖃᑦᑕᓕᕐᓂᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ.
ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᑏᑦ: ᑎᑭᓐᓂᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᒥᓂᖏᑕ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᖓᓄᑦ
ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕝᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ
ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᑦᑏᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᓐ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓐᖏᒻᒪᕆᑦᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕝᕕᒐᓱᑦᑎᐅᕙᓐᓂᖅᐳᑦ. ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᑐᓴᕈᒥᓇᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᒐᓱᐊᕈᓯᖃᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐊᖏᔫᑎᕐᔪᐊᕌᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᕝᕕᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ. ᕚᓯᑎᑐᑦ ᐊᖏᑎᒋᒻᒪᑕ. ᑲᑐᔾᔨᓪᓗᑎᒃ 6 ᖃᔭᐃᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ 12ᓄᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᑖᔅᓱᒥᖓᔅᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᕝᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᐃᓛᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᔭᐃᑦ ᒥᑭᔫᑎᕈᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᑦᑎᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᕙᑕᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓇᐃᓚᖃᖅᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕙᑕᐅᑉ ᓯᕗᓂᑦᑎᐊᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᑕᐅᔨᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᓂᐅᑕᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᐊᕝᕕᒻᒥᑦ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓕᑎᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎᖓ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑭᑖᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᓵᑦᑐᔮᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓱᐊᕋᕐᓂᖏᑦᑐᐊᓗᒃ, ᓇᐅᓕᔅᓯᒪᔭᖓᓂᑦ ᓱᒃᑲᐃᓕᕚᓪᓕᑎᑦᑎᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ. ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓕ ᐊᕙᑕᖅ ᐃᓱᐊᓃᑦᑕᖅᑯᖅ, ᓂᐅᑕᖅ ᕿᑎᖓᓃᑦᑐᓂ ᐊᓕᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᑕᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᐅᓚᐅᑉ ᓴᒃᑯᖓ ᐃᓱᐊᓃᑦᑐᓂ ᐊᕝᕕᒻᒨᖓᔪᖅ.
ᐃᒫᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᔫᑎᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᓇᐅᓕᔅᓯᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓴᖅᐱᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᒍᑦ. ᓴᖅᐱᖏᑕ ᓴᓂᑦᑎᐊᖓᓂ ᑕᖃᖅᔪᐊᑕᖃᕐᖓᓐ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓇᐅᓕᑦᑕᐅᒐᓱᑉᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᒪᐅᓇ. ᐃᓐᓇᑐᖃᐃᑦ ᑕᒪᑐᒥᖓ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖃᖅᐸᔪᔪᑦ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᕙᔪᔪᑦ ᐊᕝᕖᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓇ ᐃᑉᐱᓂᐊᓐᖏᒻᒪᑕ. ᑲᐴᕈᓐᓇᑕᐃᒡᒎᖅ ᓇᐅᓕᖃᑦᑕᕐᓗᒍᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕝᕕᒃ ᐃᑉᐱᓂᖅᑑᔮᕋᔭᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔭᖏᒻᒪᕆᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᑐᓴᕆᐅᕋᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᒪᓪᓚᕆᔪᔪᖓ.
ᑕᒪᐅᓇ ᓇᐅᓕᑦᑕᐅᒐᓱᑉᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᓇᐅᓚᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕙᑕᓕᒫᖏᑦ ᐊᑕᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᕝᕕᒻᒧᓐ ᑲᐴᖅᑕᐅᖔᖅᐸᓂᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᓇᐅᒃᑯᑎᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒧᓐ ᓴᒃᑯᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᒧᓐ ᓄᕝᕗᑦᑎᐊᕆᑦᑐᒧᓐ. ᖃᔭᕐᒥᓄᑦ ᓴᓂᐊᓅᖅᐸᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᑕᒪᐅᓇᔅᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᑲᐱᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓂ ᑕᖃᖅᔪᐊᖓᑕ ᓇᓛᒍᑦ ᓴᖅᐱᖓᑕ ᑲᓂᒋᔭᑯᓗᐊᓂ. ᐊᕝᕕᓪᓕ ᐊᐅᖏᕈᑎᓯᓐᓇᓕᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ.
ᐊᕝᕕᒥᓂᐊᓗᓪᓕ ᑲᓕᑦᑕᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᒧᓐ ᖃᓂᓛᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒧᓐ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑉᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᐱᓐᓇᕋᓂ ᐊᕝᕕᐊᓗᒃ ᐊᖏᔪᕐᔪᐊᕌᓘᒻᒪᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᔭᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ ᑲᓕᑦᑕᐅᒻᒪᓐ. ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓕ ᖃᓂᓛᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᓄᓇ ᑐᓚᐅᔾᔨᕕᐅᕙᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ ᓄᓇᑖᒥᓂ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᕕᑦᑖᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒫᖅ ᑕᐃᑲᓃᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᕝᕕᒥᓂᐊᓘᑉ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ; ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒐᓚᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᑲᐃᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᑎᓂᔾᔪᐊᕐᕕᓕᒫᒥ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᐊᓗᒻᒥ ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᑉ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᑦᑐᒥ ᖃᒻᒪᖃᖅᕕᒥᓂᒐᓛᓘᕗᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᕋᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᐅᑲᐃᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᒪᓃᑦᑐᐊᓗᒻᒦᑦᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᔅᓴᐅᖑᐊᓐᖏᑦᑐᒥ. ᑕᑯᓐᓇᓐᖑᐊᕋᔅᓴᐃᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᔅᓴᓕᐅᕋᓱᑦᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᐃᓐᓈᓗᓐᓂ ᒪᓃᑦᑐᐊᓗᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᓂ.
ᐊᕝᕕᒐᓱᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ, ᐱᑕᖃᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᑦ ᑎᓴᒪᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑎᓂᔾᔪᐊᕕᒻᒥ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐊᓇᕐᓂᑦᑐᒥᐅᓐᓂᖅᑯᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᑲᖏᖅᑐᕈᓗᒻᒥ ᓂᐅᑕᕐᒥ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᑎᓂᔾᔪᐊᖅᕕᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᖔᖅ ᐊᑕᐅᐅᓐᖏᑐᖅᑕᖃᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓄᓇᒥᓃᑦ ᓱᑯᑦᑎᐊᓃᒻᒪᖔᑎᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓪᓚᕆᓐᖏᓐᓇᒪ. ᓂᐅᑕᖅ ᑐᓴᕈᒥᓇᒻᒪᕆᑉᐳᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᐃᓛᒃᑰᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᓯᒥᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᓯᕙᓐᓂᕋᑎᒃ. ᐃᓗᕕᒥᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᒻᒪᑕ ᓴᐅᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᐅᖏᑕ ᐃᓗᓕᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᓯᒥᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓕᐊᖅᐸᓂᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ.
ᐊᖑᓇᓱᓐᓂᕐᓂ ᐱᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓄᑦ ᐅᑏᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ ᐊᓇᕐᓂᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᓪᓚᕆᑦᑕᖅᑯᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᑲᓐᖓᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᕕᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐅᐸᑉᐸᑦᑕᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᐱᕐᖏᕕᖃᕆᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂ. ᐅᑭᐊᔅᓵᓕᒫᖅ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓯᑯᓴᕋᐃᓐᓂᖅᓴᒧᓐ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᑯᔪᐃᑦᑐᓕᒻᒧᓐ ᓴᖅᕙᓕᒻᒧᓐ. ᑕᐃᑲᓂᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᑲᐃᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓯᑯᑏᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᑯᑦᑎᐊᕐᖓᓐ ᓄᓇᒥᓄᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᑦᑐᑎᒃ. ᐅᐱᕐᖓᓵᒃᑯᑦ, ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᓐ ᓱᓕ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᖃᓲᖅ, ᐊᐱᕐᖏᕕᒻᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᕿᒧᔅᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᑯᐃᖅᓰᔭᖅᑐᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᓯᑯᐃᖅᒪᓕᕐᖓᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᑦᑕᓕᕆᕗᑦ. ᐋᒡᒌᓯᒥ ᓰᑏᕝᕙᒥᓗ ᑐᑦᑐᓕᐊᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᑐᑦᑐᓕᐊᖅᕕᔾᔮᒥᓄᑦ; ᐃᓛᒃᑯᒃ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᑐᑦᑐᓕᐊᖅᕕᔾᔮᖃᐅᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊᓕ ᓂᐊᑕᒻᒥᐅᓐ, ᐸᓐᓂᖅᑑᒥᒃ ᑐᑦᑐᓕᐊᖅᕕᔾᔮᓕᒥᖤᑦ. ᐊᓇᕐᓂᑐᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᑐᑦᑐᓕᐊᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓇᑦᑎᓕᒻᒧᓐ ᑕᑉᐸᐅᖓᓗ ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑭᓪᓕᖓᓄᑦ.
ᐊᓐᓄᓘ ᑎᐊᓚ
ᐃᖏᕐᕋᑯᑖᑦᑐᒥᓂᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᑐᒃᑯᑦ
ᑕᒡ ᓯᑎᐊᓐᑕᓐᖑᔪᖓ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᔪᖓ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᕕᖓᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ. ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᖓ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᖓ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᖓᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂᒃ 28ᐸᓗᓐᓂᒃ. ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᒥᕈᓘᔭᖅ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᖓ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᐅᓗᐊᓕᖅᑐᑦ.
ᑑᓖᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᖅᕕᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᓅᔾᔪᑎᖃᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᒥᓂᖏᑦ
182 Ko
ᓱᒃᑲᐃᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᖅᓯᓇᕋᑎᒃ, ᐅᑯᐊ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᖃᓪᓕᑎᑦᑎᔪᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦ3
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᑕᐃᒍᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᑑᓖᑦ. ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒐᓛᓗᓐᓂ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓕ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᓕᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᐅᑉ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒥᓱᑲᓪᓚᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᑲᓐᓇᒧᓐ ᑲᓇᑕᒧᓐ ᐅᑯᑭᑦᑐᐃᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᖓᓄᑦ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔾᔮᓲᖅ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᒥᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ 1000 ᐊᓂᒍᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒋᐊᖏᑕ 1200 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᖅᑎᓐᓂ, ᑲᓇᒻᓇᒧᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕆᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓃᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑕᐅᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑖᔅᓱᒥᖓᑐᐊᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᐸᓚᐃᓐᓂᖏᑦᑐᑦ. ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓄᕈᓘᔭᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᓄᑖᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓕᒫᖅ ᑐᓴᐅᒪᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓗᐊᓕᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᓯᕈᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕆᐊᖃᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᑦ.
191 Ko
ᑕᒫᓂ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᖃᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒋᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋ
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓖᑦ, ᐃᓚᔮᕆᒥᓂᐅᔪᔅᓴᐅᔪᑦ, ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᑲᓇᓐᓇᒧᓐ ᕿᓚᒻᒥᐸᓗᕈᓗᒃ, ᐊᒥᓲᒐᓗᐊᓂᓛᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᑦ ᓈᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᒐᓗᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᓄᓇᑖᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᕗᖑᓕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓᓂ ᐊᓪᓛᓪᓗ ᑕᐅᓄᖓ ᓂᒋᕐᒧᓐ ᓛᐸᑐᐊᒧᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑯᐸᐃᒻᒧᓐ. ᑕᑯᕙᑦᑐᒍᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐱᖁᑎᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᕙᑦᑕᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓖᑦ ᑎᒥᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᑎᒍᓪᓗ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᒥᓂᓪᓚᕆᐅᒻᒪᑕ. ᑕᑯᔪᓐᓇᐸᒻᒥᔪᒍᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈ ᓇᑭᓐᖔᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐱᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᖃᕐᖓᑕ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂ, ᑕᒫᓐᖓᓐ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᑦᑐᒐᓛᔅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᓇᓐᖑᐊᒐᐃᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᕐᓂᓴᐃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᐸᓗᒌᒻᒥᔪᑦ.
ᐃᓚᖓᑦ ᑕᕝᕙ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᕋᔅᓴᖅᑕᓖᑦ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓲᑦ ᑑᓖᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᒥᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑖᓐᓇᐅᕗᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅ, ᑖᓐᓇᐃᓛᒃ ᐃᔾᔪᒥᑦ ᐊᕝᕕᐅᑉ ᓴᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᓄᓇᓂ ᖃᑦᑎᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᐊᓘᓲᑦ ᐃᒫᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᑐᐊᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ, ᐃᓛ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᑐᐊᖑᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂ 40, 50 ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ 60ᒪᕇᑦ ᓱᓕ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐃᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᓲᖑᕗᑦ. ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᓄᓇᐃᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᕕᑦᑎᐊᕆᑦᑐᒥᓂᐊᓘᕙᓪᓚᐃᕗᑦ ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᕌᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᑦᑎᒍᓐᓇᕈᑎᒃ.
182 Ko
ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᖃᒻᒪᐅᕙᑦ
ᐊᖏᔪᐊᓗᒻᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᕋᔅᓴᖅᑕᓖᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓗᒋᑦ, ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐊᓕᐊᓇᐃᒍᑎᖓ. ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᓱᓕᕆᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒍᓐᓇᐸᒻᒥᔪᒍᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᖃᓗᕋᖅᑐᑕ. ᓇᓂᓯᓲᖑᔪᒍᑦ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕋᔅᓴᓂᒃ ᐊᖑᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓴᓇᔾᔪᑕᐅᕙᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ; ᐆᑦᑑᑎᔾᔮᖑᕗᖅ, ᐅᓗ, ᐊᕐᓇᓗᑲᐅᑉ ᐱᓚᑦᑑᑎᖓ. ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒍᓐᓇᐸᒻᒥᔪᒍᑦ ᓱᓕᕆᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂ ᓄᓇᖏᓐᓂ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒥᓂᖏᑕᓗ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᓂᕿᓕᕆᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂ, ᓂᕿᓄᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑐᖅᑯᐃᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ. ᐅᕙᖓᓕ ᐊᑐᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂ, ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒦᓛᒃ ᑑᓕᓄᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᒥᓂᕐᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᓯᒪᒐᒪ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓃᑦ ᑭᓱᕈᓘᔮᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᐸᔪᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᒥᑭᔫᑎᑯᓘᓐᕕᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᐊᕈᑏ ᓴᓇᑦᑎᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᑕᒫᓐᖓᑦ ᐊᒻᒨᒪᔪᖅᑕᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ ᐊᑦᑐᓈᓄᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᓕᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᒻᒥᐊᕐᓂᐊᕈᑎᒥᓂᕐᓄᑦ, ᓇᐅᓚᐃᑦ ᓇᐅᒃᑯᑎᒥᓃᓪᓗ ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᐊᕈᑏᑦ; ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓖᑦ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᑎᐊᓂᑦ ᐱᒐᓱᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᔪᖅᑕᖃᕋᑎᒃ.
60 Ko
ᓴᕕᒃ
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊᓕ ᑑᓖᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᖅᑕᓖ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓐᖏᑕᕗᑦ. ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᒐᒪ ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ 20 ᐊᓂᒍᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᓃᑦ 15ᓂᒃ 20ᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᖅᑕᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᒥᓂᐅᓱᒋᓐᖏᑕᕗᑦ. ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ ᖃᑦᑏᓇᒡᒍᑕᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᑦ, ᑎᓴᒪᓐ, ᑕᓪᓕᒪᐃᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᒻᒪᐃᑦ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃᖃᐃ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᓲᑦ ᐃᓚᔮᕇᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ, ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᑲᑎᒻᒪᑲᐃᓐᓇᕈᒪᔪᒥᓃᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖑᓂᖓᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᑲᖓᑐᐃᓐᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᓂᒌᒍᒪᔪᒥᓃᑦ.
ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᔫᑎᐊᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖅᕕᓂᒃ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓚᕆᓐᓂᖅᐳᖅ ᑑᓖᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᒻᒪᕆᒃ, ᐃᒻᒪᖃᖃᐃ ᖃᑦᑏᓐᓇᐃᑦ 100 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦᑐᒥᓂᖅᐹᓗᐃᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ; ᐊᖅᕕᒥᒃ ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᒍᕕᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᔪᐊᕌᓘᒻᒪᑕ ᑕᑯᓯᒪᒍᔅᓯ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓄᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᔭᔅᓴᒥᓂᐅᒻᒪᑕ, ᐸᓐᓇᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖃᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᔪᓐᓇᓂᐊᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ.
ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᕈᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᒥᓃᑦ
ᐃᓕᑉᐸᒻᒥᔪᒍᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅᑐᑕ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᓕᐊᖑᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᓪᓗ 1800ᓂ, 1900ᓂᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᐅᑦᑕᕐᓂᕆᕗᖅ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᖓᑦ ᑑᓕᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᕐᓂᒥᓂᖅ, ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ ᒫᑎᐊᓴᓐ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕘᑭᐊᑦ-ᓯᒥᔅ ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᑎᑎᕋᕈᓐᓇᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑎᒍᑦ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᑐᖃᐃᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᓐ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑕᐅᕗᑦ; ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖏᑦ ᐃᓗᓕᓪᓚᕆᖏᓪᓗ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓰᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᖏᓪᓗ, ᐃᓱᒪᔪᒍᑦ, ᐊᔾᔭᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᒻᒪᑕ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓂᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᖓ 1900 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᐃᓗᐊᓄᑦ. ᐅᓪᓗᒥᓕ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᓐᖏᒻᒪᕆᓕᖅᑕᖏᑦ ᖃᓄᕈᓘᔮᓗᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᒐᕕᓂᓛᒃ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ 1800 ᐊᑐᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᒪᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᑎᑭᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᒥᓲᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑲᑎᓯᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᔪᓐᖏᑎᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑭᓱᓕᒫᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔪᓐᓇᑕᓐᓂᒃ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓇᓗᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᓱᓕ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᑎᒋᕙᓐᓂᕐᖓᓐ ᑑᓖᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᓐᖓᕋᑖᒥᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒧᓐ. ᐅᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖓ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᒍᓐᓃᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐱᒐᓱᐊᖅᑕᐅᓲᖑᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ. ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᓐᓂᖅᓴᒥᓂᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓖᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊᖏᒫᒃ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓄᖔᖅ ᓄᓇᒧᓐ ᐅᐸᒍᑎᖃᑦᑕᓕᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᓚᖓ ᐊᓯᕈᕐᖓᓐ ᓯᑯᖃᕐᓂᖅᓴᒥᓂᐅᓕᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᓂ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᖔᖅ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᓵᓐᖓᓂᖅᓴᐅᔮᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᓂᕆᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᓕᖅᑐᑎᓪᓗ: ᓇᑦᑏᑦ, ᑐᑦᑐᐃᑦ, ᐊᐃᕖᑦ, ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ ᐳᐃᔩᑦ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᓱᖅᑲᓖᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᔪᔅᓴᐅᔫᒐᓗᐊᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓄᖔᖅ ᓵᓐᖓᓂᖅᓴᐅᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ.
ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᓄᑦ, ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓇᓐᖓᑦ ᑕᐃᕕᑦ ᑐᒫᔅ ᐊᓯᖏᑕᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒥᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ 1800ᖏᓐᓂᑦ, ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᕐᒪᓐ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᕌᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᕕᒐᕐᒥᐅᑕᓂᒃ ᓯᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᒥᐅᑕᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒫᐸᓗᒃ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓂᕐᓂᒃ, ᒪᐅᓕᕆᐊᖃᑦᑕᐸᑦᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᓪᓗᓄᑦ. ᓴᓖᓛᒃ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐋᖅᑭᑎᐊᖅᓯᒪᓗᓂ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑐᕋᔅᓴᖅ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑕᑯᔪᒍᑦ ᕿᒪᐃᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓄᓇᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᔾᔪᒐᔭᒥ ᐊᖅᕕᒐᔭᒥᓪᓗ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᑦ ᑕᒪᐅᖓᖔᖅ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒧᓐ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑑᑕᐅᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᑉᐸᓕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᓇᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ.
ᑕᒫᓂ ᐊᓯᕈᕐᓂᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᓐᓂ, ᑕᑯᖃᑦᑕᖅᕋᑦᑕ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᒥᓂᑐᖃᕐᓂᓗ ᕿᒪᐃᓕᕐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᑑᓖᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᕙᑦᑕᒥᓂᕐᒥᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᒥᓂᓪᓗ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᒋᐊᓐᖓᖅᑐᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓖᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᓐᖏᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᐸᓕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᓐᓂᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ. ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᓱᓕ ᐱᔭᐅᕙᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒡᒍᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᓂᐅᒥᐅᑕᕐᓂᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᑦᑕᖃᐅᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᖅ, ᐊᐅᓛᖃᑦᑕᓲᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᑲᑎᒻᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᑏᑦ ᓄᖑᔾᔫᒥᒐᐃᒻᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᓕᒫᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᓄ ᓯᑯᒧᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᑕᑯᔪᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᖏᑕ ᐊᓯᕈᖅᓯᒪᓂᓪᓚᕆᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᒐᓱᐊᕈᓯᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᑦᑎᒡᒍᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓐ ᑑᓖᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᕆᐊᓐᖓᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᒧᓐ 100ᒐᓚᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᓈᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ.
ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔾᔮᓲᖅ ᑑᓖᑦ ᑎᑭᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐅᖅᑰᓯᕚᓪᓕᖅᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐊᓛᔅᑲᐅᑉ ᓴᓂᐊ ᓯᑯᖃᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᓕᕐᓂᕐᖓᓐ, ᐅᖓᓯᓐᓂᖅᓴᒧᓐ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᕈᓐᓇᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᓄᕐᓗ ᐱᒐᓱᑦᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᓯᕈᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒥ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᐸᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐋᔪᕋᒃᑰᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓯᓈᖓᑕ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒫᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᐃᒪᐃᓐᓇᕐᒥ ᐱᒐᓱᐊᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᑲᑦᑏᓐᓇᕈᓗᐃᑦ 100 ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᑕ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᓂᓪᓚᑲᓐᓂᖅᓯᒪᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᑯᖃᕐᓂᓴᐅᓕᕐᓂᕐᖓᓐ, ᐃᓚᖓᓂᓗ ᐃᔾᔪᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᓯᑯᖃᓕᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᔪᔅᓴᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᖃᑦᑏᓐᓇᕈᖅᐹᓪᓕᑎᑦᑎᒐᔭᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔭᔅᓴᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐊᖅᕖᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᒃ ᑐᕚᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᒃ, ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓕ ᑕᑯᕗᒍᑦ ᓴᖑᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑐᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐳᐃᔨᕈᓘᔭᕐᓄᓪᓗ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᓇᑦᑎᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᓂᕿᓪᓚᕆᒋᔭᐅᓐᓂᖅᑯᑦ ᓇᒥᓕᒫᐸᓗᒃ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ.
ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᕿᒪᐃᓕᕐᓂᒃ ᑑᓖᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᖃᓄᓪᓚᕆᐅᓐᓂᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᒐᓱᐊᕐᓗᒍ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᒡᒐᓇᖅᐳᖅ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑑᓖᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᕈᑦᑎᒍ, ᑕᑯᔪᒍᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᒃᑳᓘᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ. ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᒪᓕᑲᖅᑕᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᒃᑲᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᓲᖑᒻᒪᑕ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓲᖑᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᑉᐸᓂᕐᒪᖔᑕ. ᑑᓖᑦ ᐱᖃᕐᓂᖅᐳᓐ ᑲᔭᖅ, ᐅᒥᐊᖅ, ᖃᒧᑏᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᒧᔅᓰᓐ; ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᑦᑎᐊᕈᑎᔅᓴᓂᒃ. ᖃᖓᑐᐃᓐᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐅᐸᒍᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑕᒥᓄᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᒍᓐᓇᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ, ᐴᓛᕆᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᐊᕆᐊᖅᑐᑎᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᒥᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᐊᒥᓲᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᔾᔪᑎᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᒪᒃᑯᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᒍᒪᒍᑎᒃ. ᓯᓚᐅᓪᓕ ᐊᓯᕈᕐᓂᖓ ᐱᔾᔪᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᓯᕈᐃᔪᒥᓂᐅᔮᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᑦᑎᒡᒍᑕᐅᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᒍᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ. ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓚᕆᖃᑦᑕᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᔪᐊᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᒻᒥᒃ ᓂᕿᑖᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᐊᖅᕕᒃ ᑕᐅᓴᒐᓚᒻᒪᕆᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᖁᒪᐃᓐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᓂᕿᑖᖅᕕᐅᕙᓐᓂᕐᖓᓐ, ᐅᖅᓱᑖᖅᕕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᓴᐅᓂᖅᑖᖅᕕᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓕᒫᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᑎᑦᑎᒍᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᔮᕇᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒫᖅ, ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᕐᕋᔭᒐᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᐅᒍᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒍᒪᒐᐃᒍᑎᒃ. ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᓪᓕ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᑰᒻᒨᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ ᒪᔪᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ, ᒪᓐᓂᓕᐊᖅᐸᑦᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᒥᑏᑦ ᓂᕐᓖᓪᓗ ᒪᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔭᒐᓲᖑᓗᑎᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᑎᒻᒥᐊᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᓲᖑᒻᒪᑕ ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓗ ᐅᐸᓲᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᐸᒍᑎᒋᐊᖃᖃᑦᑕᓂᕐᖓᑕ.
ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑑᓖᑦ, ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐃᓄᑦᑎᑐᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᓂᕐᔪᑏᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓲᖑᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒎᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂ ᐱᔭᔅᓴᐅᒻᖔᑕ ᓇᒦᓲᖑᒻᒪᖔᑕᓗ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᖃᒻᒪᒥᓂᕐᓂᐊᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓯᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᓕᓴᐅᓂᖅᓴᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑐᕚᖃᕐᓂᖅᓴᒥᓃᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᓂᖓ ᑐᑦᑐᐃᑦ ᐱᓱᓕᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ. ᓇᑦᑎᕋᓱᐊᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ, ᐊᐃᕕᕋᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᕿᓚᓗᒐᕐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᖅᕕᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᔪᖃᕋᐃᒻᒪᓐ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᒡᒍᑕᒥᓂᐅᓂᖅᓴᐅᕙᓪᓚᐃᔪᑦ. ᓈᒻᒪᒋᐊᖃᖅᐸᓚᐃᓐᓂᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᓪᓗᓂᒃ ᓈᓯᓯᒪᖃᑦᑕᕋᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎᒃ ᓂᑉᐸᖅᑐᑎᒃ. ᑕᐃᒫᓪᓕ 6 ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ 7 ᐃᓚᔮᕇᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᑉᐸᑕ ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᓂᑉᐸᖅᑎᖃᖅᑲᑕ ᐱᓂᐅᓴᓂᖅᓴᐅᒐᔭᕐᖓᑕ. ᑕᑯᔪᒥᓇᕋᔭᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓄᒋᐊᖑᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓕᓐᓂᒃ 30ᓂᒃ 35ᓂᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒌᓂᒃ ᐃᓪᓗᕕᒐᕐᒥᐅᑕᓂᒃ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᕝᕙᒐᓱᐊᖅᑲᖅᑕᕐᖓᑕ ᐊᖏᔪᐊᓗᒻᓂ ᓂᕿᑖᖅᐸᑦᑐᑎᒃ, 40ᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᖃᕈᓐᓇᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ ᐊᔪᖅᓴᕋᑎᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᓯᐊᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ, ᐃᓄᒋᐊᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᒋᐊᓕᒥᓃᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓵᓗᓐᓄ ᓂᕿᓄᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᒐᓱᒋᐊᖃᖅᐸᑦᑐᒥᓃᑦ. ᑕᒃᑯᐊ ᓴᓂᓕᕇᑦᑎᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑲᒪᓇᖅᑐᖅ.
ᑖᒃᑐ. ᑕᒡ ᓯᑎᐊᓐᑕ
ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᔪᖓ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓂᓪᓗ ᐱᓕᕆᕕᖓᓄᑦ
ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ